General Chemistry

In these practice problems, we will work on determining the Lewis structures of molecules and ions.

In short, remember these steps for determining the Lewis structure:

1. Write the correct skeletal structure for the molecule.

        *   Hydrogen atoms are always terminal (only one bond)

        *   Put more electronegative elements in terminal positions

2. Sum the valence electrons from all the atoms.

3. Use a pair of electrons to form a bond between each pair of bound atoms.

4. Add the remaining electrons to satisfy the octet for a more electronegative atom first.

5. If any atoms lack an octet, make a double or triple bond to give them an octet.

 

 

Practice

1.

Determine the Lewis structures of the following molecules:

 

(a) BF3 (b) CH2O (c) HCN (d) BeCl2 (e) CH2Cl2
(f) SOCl2 (g) SO2 (h) PCl5 (i) XeO4 (j) NCl3
(k) SiCl4 (l) SF2 (m) H2S (n) SO3 (o) COCl2
(p) PCl3 (q) OF2 (r) BrF5 (s) N2O (t) SF6
(u) POCl3 (x) XeF2 (y) XeF4 (z) C2H2 NO2
a)
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b)
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c)
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d)
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e)
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f)
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g)
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h)
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i)
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j)
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k)
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l)
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m)
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n)
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o)
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p)
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q)
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r)
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s)
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t)
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u)
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v)
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w)
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x)
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y)
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z)
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{)
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2.

Determine the Lewis structure of each ion: (a) NH4+, (b) H3O+, (c) CN (d) SCN, (e) CO32-, (f) ClO3, (g) SO42- (h) PO43- (i) SO32 (j) NO2 (k) BF4 (l) NO3.

 

(a) NH4+ (b) H3O+ (c) CN (d) SCN (e) CO32-
(f) ClO3 (g) SO42- (h) PO43- (i) SO32 (j) NO2
(k) BF4 (l) NO3 (m) ClO4
a)
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b)
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c)
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d)
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e)
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f)
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g)
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h)
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i)
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j)
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k)
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l)
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m)
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3.

Lewis structures of Organic Compounds

Select the correct Lewis structure for the formula C3H8

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4.

Select the correct Lewis structure for the formula C2H2

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5.

Select the correct Lewis structure for each of the following carbocation:

C3H7+

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6.

Identify the correct Lewis structure:

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7.

Identify an acceptable Lewis structure for the following compound:

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8.

Select a structure(s) that contains an atom with an incomplete octet:

 

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9.

Which atom is missing a lone pair in the following structure?

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10.

All of these are correct Lewis structures except:

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