In the previous post, we talked about the Hess’s law and how it can be used for measuring the enthalpy change (ΔH) for a reaction without making calorimetric measurements. In short, the Hess’s law is based on the fact that enthalpy is … Read more
How do you know which ideal gas equation to use when solving a problem? Fortunately, there is a short answer to this, and it is the combined gas law equation: It allows you not to memorize all the … Read more
These calculations are based on the same principles we learn in stoichiometric calculations. The only difference for most problems is going to be the fact that the quantities are given in molarities rather than in moles. Remember that you need … Read more
Redox reactions can be balanced with the half-reaction method. The half-reaction shows the oxidation and reduction processes separately. For example, Zn + Ag+ → Zn2+ + Ag Follow these steps to balance this reaction: 1) Add the oxidation states and … Read more
Oxidation-reduction, or redox, reactions are electron transfer reactions. Because of electron transfers, the oxidation states of some atoms are changed in redox reactions. The atom that accepts an electron(s) is said to be reduced, and the one that gives … Read more
Titration is a common laboratory technique for determining the concentration of a solute. The most common types of titrations are acid-base titrations and redox titrations. Today’s topic is the acid-base titrations so let’s see how they work. Before the titration … Read more
There are three theories for classifying acids and bases. The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases This is the oldest acid-base theory proposed by Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius in 1884. According to the Arrhenius acid-base theory, acids are compounds that … Read more
All the equations where the reactants and products are shown as molecules with complete chemical formulas are called molecular equations. This, essentially, is what we use for most reactions. For example: 2K3PO4(aq) + 3BaCl2(aq) → Ba3(PO4)2(s) + 6KCl(aq) However, we … Read more
Before talking about electrolytes, let’s formulate the concept of solutions. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The substance present in the greatest quantity is called the solvent, and the other substance(s) is called solute(s). The … Read more
In a chemical reaction, stoichiometry shows the mole-ratio of the reactants and products based on the coefficients, which are written before them. It allows calculating the amount of any component of a chemical reaction if one of them is given … Read more
