In the previous post, we talked about the reaction rate and saw that it is not constant and changes with the concentration of reactants. This is not true for all reactions and it’s possible that the rate may be independent … Read more
Average Rate of a Reaction Chemical kinetics studies the rates of chemical reactions which is a measure of how fast they occur. Similarly, the rate of a chemical reaction is measured as a change in the amounts of reactants or … Read more
There are a few definitions of acids and bases which we covered in an earlier post. Although it is not always accurate, you can recognize acids when you see an H with any of the anions you learned so far. … Read more
What is enthalpy in simple words? Answering this question is the objective of today’s post. Remember, in the previous post, we talked about internal energy and how it can change by either heat or work. Rearranging this equation … Read more
In the previous post, we talked about the Graham’s law which shows that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass: \[{u_{{\rm{rms}}}}\;{\rm{ = }}\;\sqrt {\frac{{{\rm{3RT}}}}{{\rm{M}}}} \] One application … Read more
The terms endothermic and exothermic are used to describe the heat transfer during different processes including chemical reactions. In general, the focus in this chapter is going to be on heat transfer because thermochemistry is the study of heat change … Read more
Having a library of values for standard enthalpies of formation allows calculating the enthalpy of reaction without doing calorimetric analysis. There are two approaches to doing this. 1) The Direct Approach If the enthalpies of formations for all the components … Read more
In the previous post that a calorimeter is a device for measuring the heat flow, and for reactions under constant pressure, the calorimeter measures the enthalpy of the reaction (ΔH). Now, a bomb calorimeter is an equipment that measures ΔE … Read more
A calorimeter is a device for measuring heat flow. One application of calorimetry is measuring the enthalpy of a reaction. So, how does heat become enthalpy? Remember, the formula for enthalpy change is: ΔH = ΔE + ΔPV … Read more
In the previous post, we talked about heat capacity, specific heat, and the formula for the relationship between these and the change in temperature. Below are some additional practice examples of heat capacity problems. When solving a problem … Read more
