In the previous post, we talked about the oxidation state and the rules for their determination. In short, you need to know, or have the table, for the standard oxidation states, and determine the unknowns. Keep in mind, … Read more
In any oxidation-reduction reaction, there is an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent as oxidation cannot occur with reduction and vice versa, reduction cannot occur without oxidation. The oxidizing agent takes electron(s) from the reducing agent, so we can also … Read more
In a displacement reaction, an ion (or atom) in a compound is replaced by an ion (or atom) of another element. We can use this general scheme for a visual representation of displacement reactions: There are a few … Read more
Although there are some common patterns to determine the product(s) of a reaction, the exact outcome depends on the type of the reaction. So, let’s discuss the process for the main types of reactions that you are going to see … Read more
There are a few definitions of acids and bases which we covered in an earlier post. Although it is not always accurate, you can recognize acids when you see an H with any of the anions you learned so far. … Read more
These calculations are based on the same principles we learn in stoichiometric calculations. The only difference for most problems is going to be the fact that the quantities are given in molarities rather than in moles. Remember that you need … Read more
Redox reactions can be balanced with the half-reaction method. The half-reaction shows the oxidation and reduction processes separately. For example, Zn + Ag+ → Zn2+ + Ag Follow these steps to balance this reaction: 1) Add the oxidation states and … Read more
Oxidation-reduction, or redox, reactions are electron transfer reactions. Because of electron transfers, the oxidation states of some atoms are changed in redox reactions. The atom that accepts an electron(s) is said to be reduced, and the one that gives … Read more
Titration is a common laboratory technique for determining the concentration of a solute. The most common types of titrations are acid-base titrations and redox titrations. Today’s topic is the acid-base titrations so let’s see how they work. Before the titration … Read more
There are three theories for classifying acids and bases. The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases This is the oldest acid-base theory proposed by Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius in 1884. According to the Arrhenius acid-base theory, acids are compounds that … Read more
